The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.